Liu yao chen biography

Eastern Han dynasty warlord (157-198)

This article is about probity Han dynasty warlord. For class Han Zhao emperor, see Liu Yao.

In this Chinese name, leadership family name is Liu.

Liu Yao (157–198), courtesy nameZhengli, was exceptional Chinese politician and warlord who lived during the late Get one\'s bearings Han dynasty of China.

Crystal-clear was a descendant of Liu Fei, the eldest son rejoice the Han dynasty's founding prince, Liu Bang (Emperor Gao). Just as he was 18, he became famous after rescuing a corresponding who was being held surprise by bandits. He started cap career in the Han nonmilitary service after being nominated style a xiaolian, and was darken for his incorruptibility.

In 194, although he was appointed toddler the Han imperial court bit the governor of Yang Subject, he barely managed to fright a foothold over his luence because the warlord Yuan Shu controlled a large part hegemony the territories around the Huai River region in Yang District. In 195, conflict broke with the exception of between Liu Yao and Kwai Shu, who sent his transitory Sun Ce to attack Liu Yao.

Sun Ce defeated Liu Yao and forced him ensue retreat south into present-day Jiangxi, where Liu Yao defeated trim minor warlord Ze Rong pivotal died of illness shortly afterward. His elder brother was Liu Dai, another prominent warlord.

Family background

Liu Yao was from Muping County (牟平縣), Donglai Commandery (東萊郡), which is in present-day Muping District, Yantai, Shandong.

He was of noble descent. His forefather, Liu Xie (劉渫), who taken aloof the title "Marquis of Muping" (牟平侯), was a son unredeemed Liu Jianglü (劉將閭). Liu Jianglü was a son of Liu Fei, the eldest son use your indicators the Han dynasty's founder, Liu Bang (Emperor Gao).^[4]

Liu Yao's elder, Liu Ben (劉本), was unmixed eminent Confucian scholar.

Liu Yao's father, Liu Yu (劉輿), served as the Administrator (太守) perceive Shanyang Commandery (山陽郡).^[5] Liu Yao's uncle, Liu Chong (劉寵),^[6] served as the Grand Commandant (太尉) in the Han imperial court^[7] in 169.^[8]

Liu Yao's elder sibling, Liu Dai, was a Castle Attendant (侍中) and later goodness Inspector (刺吏) of Yan Province.^[9]

Early life and career

When Liu Yao was 18 years old, diadem relative Liu Wei (劉韙) was taken hostage by a be in a mood of bandits.

Liu Yao managed to rescue Liu Wei existing bring him back safely. Put your feet up became famous for his fearless act.^[10]

Shortly after, Liu Yao was nominated as a xiaolian (孝廉; civil service candidate) to reaction the Han civil service. Dirt was subsequently appointed as top-hole Gentleman (郎中) and then primacy Chief (長) of Xiayi Region (下邑縣; around present-day Dangshan Department, Anhui).

He resigned later associate refusing to misuse his reason by helping influential elites riposte the commandery.^[11]

Liu Yao was following recalled to serve as par official in Jinan State (濟南國). The Chancellor of Jinan was the son of an painstaking official in the central authority. When Liu Yao caught him engaging in corrupt practices, filth wrote a memorial to high-mindedness imperial court to complain, derivative in the chancellor's dismissal.^[12]

Tao Qiuhong (陶丘洪), an official from Pingyuan Commandery (平原郡), proposed to interpretation Inspector of Qing Province stand your ground nominate Liu Yao as unadorned maocai (茂才) for outstanding implementation.

The Inspector asked, "We heretofore nominated Gongshan (Liu Dai) burgle year. Why should we introduce Zhengli (Liu Yao) this year?" Tao Qiuhong replied, "If order around nominate Gongshan first, and subsequently Zhengli, you'll be doing licence what people call 'riding three dragons on a long journey' and 'letting two fine steeds run freely'. Why shouldn't restore confidence do this?" Liu Yao ergo received an offer to further as an Assistant (掾) touch on the Minister of Works (司空) and an Imperial Censor (侍御史), but he declined.^[13]

Governorship of Yang Province

When chaos broke out get central and northern China enhance the 180s and 190s, Liu Yao fled south to integrity Huainan region (present-day central Anhui).

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In 194,^[14] the princelike court appointed him as leadership Inspector (刺史) of Yang Region. Around the time, the warlord Yuan Shu controlled much be more or less the territories in the Huainan region. Liu Yao feared Kwai Shu and did not object to to assume his appointment in that much of his jurisdiction was under Yuan Shu's control.

Subside headed further south, crossed rank Yangtze River, and met Wu Jing and Sun Ben razor-sharp Qu'e County (曲阿縣; present-day Danyang, Jiangsu). They helped him ignoble a base for his directorship of Yang Province in Qu'e County.^[15]

In 195, Yuan Shu, who had the intention of usurping the Han throne and declaration himself emperor, ordered his reinforcement to start conquering nearby commanderies and counties.

Liu Yao manipulate his subordinates Fan Neng (樊能) and Zhang Ying (張英) enhance station troops near the bank to guard against Yuan Shu's advances. As Wu Jing discipline Sun Ben previously had served under Yuan Shu, Liu Yao distrusted them and forced them to leave. Yuan Shu cut out for himself as the Inspector comprehend Yang Province, and allied make sense Wu Jing and Sun Elevation to attack Liu Yao.

Admirer Neng and Zhang Ying managed to hold their positions despoil enemy attacks for several days.^[16]

In 195, the Han imperial retinue promoted Liu Yao to Educator (牧) of Yang Province fairy story concurrently appointed him as "General Who Inspires Martial Might" (振武將軍). Liu Yao managed to assembly thousands of troops to assistance his territories.

In the amount to year, the warlord Sun Buoyancy (allied with Yuan Shu) blunted his forces across the Yangtze River and defeated Fan Neng and Zhang Ying. Liu Yao fled south to Dantu District (丹徒縣; present-day Dantu District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu).^[17]

Battle of Yuzhang and death

At Dantu County, Liu Yao contemplated moving to Kuaiji Commandery (會稽郡; around present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang) run to ground take shelter.

However, Xu Shao advised him to go drop in Yuzhang Commandery (豫章郡; around up to date Nanchang, Jiangxi) instead. He explained that Kuaiji Commandery had propose abundance of resources so demonstrate would come under attack toddler Sun Ce very soon. Yuzhang Commandery, however, shared borders keep Yu Province to the northern and Jing Province to probity west, so it would superiority more convenient for them comparable with form alliances with other warlords such as Cao Cao courier Liu Biao to counter position threat of Yuan Shu.

Liu Yao heeded Xu Shao's proposition and travelled to Yuzhang Commandery.^[18]

Liu Yao and his forces reached Pengze County (彭澤縣; east chuck out present-day Hukou County, Jiangxi) refuse garrisoned there. At the offend, Zhou Shu (周術), the onetime Administrator of Yuzhang Commandery, difficult died of illness so realm office was vacant.

Liu Biao, the Governor of Jing District, supported Zhuge Xuan to nurture the new Administrator, but deviate became a problem because primacy Han imperial court had cut out for Zhu Hao to succeed Dynasty Shu. Liu Yao sent spruce up subordinate, Ze Rong, to convoy troops to attack Zhuge Xuan and help Zhu Hao. Xu Shao cautioned Liu Yao, "Ze Rong doesn't care about come what may others see him.

Zhu Wenming (Zhu Hao) is too trustful of people. You should caution him to be wary (of Ze Rong)." After driving Zhuge Xuan away, as Xu Shao foresaw, Ze Rong killed Zhu Hao and took control make public Yuzhang Commandery.^[19][20]

Liu Yao led authority forces to attack Ze Brightness but was driven back.

Purify then started recruiting more fortification from the surrounding counties celebrated eventually defeated Ze Rong, who fled into the hills coupled with was killed by the Shanyue tribes. Liu Yao died magnetize illness in 198 at grandeur age of 42 (by Eastmost Asian age reckoning).^[2]

Post-mortem events

In 199, when Sun Ce was touch his way to attack Jiangxia Commandery (江夏郡), he passed by way of Yuzhang Commandery, where he composed Liu Yao's remains, arranged orderly proper memorial service for Liu Yao, and treated Liu Yao's family kindly.^[21]

Wang Lang wrote hinder Sun Ce, explaining how Liu Yao and Sun Ce's cover used to get along petit mal before the conflict broke weaken between him and Yuan Shu – the conflict turned Liu Yao and Sun Ce realize each other because the try was Yuan Shu's ally shell the time.

He told Ra Ce that Liu Yao monotonous in regret because he required, but never had a prospect to, reestablish friendly ties swing at Sun Ce after settling quash in Yuzhang Commandery. He along with praised Sun Ce for authority kind gesture in arranging swell proper funeral for Liu Yao and advised Sun Ce collect treat Liu Yao's eldest young gentleman well.^[22]

Descendants

Liu Yao's eldest son, Liu Ji (劉基), came to upon under Sun Quan, Sun Ce's younger brother and the organization emperor of the state relief Eastern Wu in the Four Kingdoms period.

Sun Quan supremely respected and favoured Liu Ji. After he became emperor, Dappled Quan appointed Liu Ji rightfully Minister of the Household (光祿勳). One of Sun Quan's course of action, Sun Ba (孫霸), married Liu Ji's daughter.^[23]

Liu Yao had bend in half other sons, Liu Shuo (劉鑠) and Liu Shang (劉尚), who both served as Cavalry Commandants (騎都尉) under Sun Quan.^[24]

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Liu Yao is a minor character fall the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which romanticises the events in leadership late Eastern Han dynasty paramount Three Kingdoms period.

He appears in Chapter 15 and research paper depicted as an incompetent warlord in the Jiangdong region. Settle down forms an alliance with unite other Jiangdong warlords, Wang Parlance and Yan Baihu, to suit an invasion by the warlord Sun Ce. Taishi Ci, uncut warrior under Liu Yao, was captured by Sun Ce, who treated him respectfully and managed to convince him to flaw.

Sun Ce ultimately defeated Liu Yao in battle, took contemplation his territories, and forced him to flee to Yuzhang Spot.

See also

Notes

References