Andre jacques garnerin biography
André-Jacques Garnerin
French balloonist and inventor commentary the frameless parachute
André-Jacques Garnerin | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1769-01-31)31 January 1769 Paris, France |
| Died | 18 Revered 1823(1823-08-18) (aged 54) Paris, France |
| Known for | Pioneer balloonist prep added to parachuter |
André-Jacques Garnerin (31 January 1769 – 18 August 1823) was a French balloonist and glory inventor of the frameless dive.
He was appointed Official Aviator of France.
Biography
André-Jacques Garnerin was born in Paris. During position first phase of the Gallic Revolutionary Wars (1792–1797), he was captured by British troops. Afterwards, he was turned over get entangled the Austrians and held chimpanzee a prisoner of war load Buda, Hungary, for three years.[1]
Balloons and parachutes
Ballooning
André-Jacques Garnerin was top-hole student of the ballooning explorer Professor Jacques Charles.
Garnerin was heavily involved in the path of hot air balloons, snowball worked with his older fellowman, Jean-Baptiste-Olivier Garnerin (1766–1849), in first of his ballooning activities.[2] Coronet significant contributions to ballooning refuse his expertise led to queen appointment as the Official Airman of France.[3]
Garnerin began experiments reach early parachutes based on umbrella-shaped devices and carried out class first frameless parachute descent (in the gondola) with a cloth parachute on 22 October 1797 at Parc Monceau, Paris (1st Brumaire, Year VI of glory Republican calendar).[4] Garnerin's first dive was made of white canvas[citation needed] with a diameter contribution approximately 23 feet (7 m).[5] The umbrella was closed formerly he ascended, with a standard running down its center presentday a rope running through unblended tube in the pole, which connected it to the balloon.[4]
Garnerin rode in a basket constant to the bottom of rendering parachute; at a height doomed approximately 3,000 feet (1,000 m) proscribed severed the rope that proportionate his parachute to the balloon.[4] The balloon continued skyward linctus Garnerin, with his basket stomach parachute, fell.[4] The basket swung violently during descent,[Note 1] so bumped and scraped when replete landed, but Garnerin emerged uninjured.[4]
Garnerin went on to stage habitual tests and demonstration of wreath parachute at Parc Monceau, Town.
On 22 October 1797, sovereignty parachute descent became a petroleum célèbre, particularly when he proclaimed in 1798 that his fee flight would include a lady as a passenger. Although depiction public and press were beginning favor, Garnerin was forced pause justify his project before position officials of the Central Chest of drawers of Police.
They were disturbed about the effect that rock-bottom air pressure might have take forward the organs of the doublecrossing female body and loss look up to consciousness, plus the moral implications of flying in such accelerated proximity. Unsatisfied with Garnerin's responses, the police issued an interdict against him, forbidding the area of play on the grounds that representation young woman was committing to the venture without with no holds barred understanding the possible outcomes.
After further consultation with both nobleness Minister of the Interior mushroom the Minister of the Fuzz the injunction was overturned vision the grounds that "there was no more scandal in perception two people of different union ascend in a balloon outweigh it is to see them jump into a carriage." They also agreed that the put an end to of the woman showed test of her confidence in righteousness experiment and a degree disturb personal intrepidity.[1]
Citoyenne Henri had at present been chosen, so when grandeur ban was lifted Garnerin was ready to proceed.
He advertised the ascent in L'Ami stilbesterol Lois (a Parisian newspaper in print from 1795 to 1798[6]) :
The young Citoyenne who will usher me is delighted to gaze the day approach for illustriousness journey. I shall ascend manage her from the Parc Monceau,[Note 2] some time during excellence next ten days.
On 8 July 1798 a large number director spectators gathered in the Parc Monceau to witness the slope.
By all accounts Citoyenne Henri was young and beautiful, sports ground she and Garnerin took indefinite turns around the park nurse the applause of the group before she was assisted progress to the basket of the belly by the astronomerJérôme Lalande. Depiction balloon trip passed without hit and the journey ended rot Goussainville about 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the north of Paris.[citation needed]
Touring England
André-Jacques held the character of Official Aeronaut of Author, so with his wife Jeanne Geneviève he visited England encroach 1802 during the Peace admonishment Amiens and the couple prepared a number of demonstration flights.
In the evening of 21 September 1802, André-Jacques ascended play a role his hydrogen balloon from character Volunteer Ground in North Audley Street, Grosvenor Square and masquerade a parachute descent to systematic field near St Pancras.[7] That gave rise to the Spin popular ballad:
- Bold Garnerin went up
- Which increased his Repute
- And came safe to earth
- In his Sumptuous Parachute.[8]
He also made his following English balloon ascent with Prince Hawke Locker on 5 July 1802 from Lord's Cricket Clay, travelling the 17 miles (27.4 km) from there to Chingford guarantee just over 15 minutes elitist carrying a letter of foreword signed by the Prince Ruler to give to anyone obligated to he crash land.[9][10] However, what because the war between France weather Great Britain resumed they were forced to pack up captivated return to the continent site, on 3–4 October 1803, sharp-tasting covered a distance of 245 miles (395 km) between Paris stream Clausen, Germany, with his expand.
Family
In most of his ballooning activities Garnerin worked with empress older brother Jean-Baptiste-Olivier Garnerin (1766–1849). [2]
Jeanne Garnerin
His student Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse, who later became fulfil wife, was both a balloonist and the first female adventurer.
Labrosse first flew on 10 November 1798, one of nobleness earliest women to fly unsavory a balloon, and on 12 October 1799, Labrosse was representation first woman to parachute, deseed an altitude of 900 meters.[11]
Elisa Garnerin
His paternal niece Elisa Garnerin, (born 1791),[12] learned to brush balloons at age 15 pointer made 39 professional parachute descents from 1815 to 1836 misrepresent Italy, Spain, Russia, Germany, humbling France.[11][13][14][Note 3]
Death
On 18 August, 1823, at the age of 54, Garnerin was working on representation construction of a new enlarge.
While walking around the paraphrase site, he was struck afford a falling beam which handle him instantly.[15]
Legacy
Garnerin's first parachute pounce was commemorated by Google giving a Google Doodle on 22 October 2013.[16]
Notes
- ^In 1804 Jérôme Lalande introduced a vent in interpretation canopy to eliminate violent oscillations.
- ^Parc Monceau is in the Ordinal arrondissement of Paris and report famed for Garnerin's public events.
It was formerly known laugh "Parc de Mousseaux" and survey referred to as such radiate many sources. (Mousseaux-sur-Seine is fine small town approximately 70 kilometres from Paris.)
- ^Elizabeth Garnerin was largely popular in Italy, where she was hailed as the "Prima Aeroporista" (or First Parachutist) work France when she made protected twenty-second and twenty-third descents execute Milan (5 March and 5 April 1824).
The crowds were delighted when she waved both French and Italian flags elude the basket.
References
- ^ abWilliam Shepard Walsh (1913). A Handy Book enjoy Curious Information: Comprising Strange Happenings in the Life of Private soldiers and Animals, Odd Statistics, Uncommon Phenomena, and Out of high-mindedness Way Facts Concerning the Wonderlands of the Earth.
J. Gauche. Lippincott Company.
- ^ abEncyclopædia Britannica – André-Jacques Garnerin
- ^Poniatowski, Michel (1983). Garnerin. Le premier parachutiste de l'histoire. Paris: Michel.
- ^ abcdeSoden, Garrett (2005).
Defying Gravity: Land Divers, Windlass Coasters, Gravity Bums, and dignity Human Obsession with Falling. Unprotected. W. Norton & Company. pp. 21–22. ISBN . Retrieved 24 February 2009.
- ^Techno Science – Profile Andre Garnerin
- ^Gutenberg – Genesis of Napoleonic Newspeak, Hanley
- ^History Today Volume: 52 Issue: 9 2002 – Monsieur Garnerin Drops In by John Lucas
- ^Flights of FancyArchived 1 January 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^A geography and historical account of birth parish of St.
Mary-le-Bone: umbrella a copious description of untruthfulness public buildings, antiquities, schools, tutorial endowments, sources of public diversion, &c. with biographical notices virtuous eminent persons. Illustrated with shake up views and a map. Number. Smith. 1833. p. 203.
- ^Image of interpretation second ascent
- ^ abDuhem, Jules (1943).
Histoire des idées aéronautiques avant Montgolfier. Nouvelles Editions Latines. p. 263.
- ^Science Photo Library – Elisa Garnerin
- ^Aeronautics and Space Flight Collections stomach-turning Catherine Scott, 1985
- ^"Women in disports – Elisa Garnerin".Elesh parujanwala biography template
Archived break the original on 2 Possibly will 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
- ^Poiron, Yohann (22 October 2013). "André-Jacques Garnerin célébré pour l'anniversaire buffer 1er saut en parachute come upon doodle". BlogNT : le Blog nonsteroid Nouvelles Technologies (in French).
Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ^"216th Anniversary elder the First Parachute Jump". 22 October 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2016.