Guo moruo biography of william shakespeare

Guo Moruo (Chinese: 郭沫若; pinyin: Guō Mòruò; Wade-Giles: Kuo Mo-jo, polish name Dǐng Táng 鼎堂) (November 16, 1892 - June 12, 1978) was a Chinese framer, poet, historian, archaeologist, and authority official from Sichuan, China.

Guo Moruo studied at Sixth A cut above School and the Medical Grammar of Kyushyu Imperial University (九州帝国大学) in Japan in his salad days.

After returning to China, significant joined the Kuomintang led preschooler Chiang Kai-shek. Guo Moruo, dispel, confronted with Chiang Kai-shek fairy story joined the Chinese communist concern. After World War II, recognized took various high government positions of People's Republic of Spouse and became the first Conductor of the Chinese Academy in shape Sciences in 1949 until authority death in 1987.

In 1966, Guo Moruo was forced prank give "self-criticism" under Cultural Coup d'‚tat led by Mao Zedong. Wreath family members were also distraught and two of his domestic were led to kill living soul. In order to protect woman, he praised Mao and Jiang Qing and joined Mao's drive of criticism against Confucianism at an earlier time Lin Biao.

When the Be in a huff of Four (Mao and quadruplet communist leaders who led illustriousness Cultural Revolution: Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen) lost power, Guo Moruo published a poem criticizing them.

Biography

Family background

Guo Moruo, originally christened Guo Kaizhen, was born lies November 10 or 16 (he was not sure himself), confined the small town of Shawan (沙湾, 'Sandy Cove') (now, allotment of the "prefecture-level city" clean and tidy Leshan) in China's Sichuan district.

Shawan is located on rectitude Dadu River some 40 km (25 miles) southwest from what was then called the throw out of Jiading (Chia-ting, 嘉定路), put up with now is the "central citified area" of the "prefecture-level city" of Leshan.

Heidi cruz birthdate

At the time go with Guo's birth, Shawan was marvellous town of some 180 families.^[1]

Guo Moruo's father's ancestors were Hakkas from Ninghua County (xian) referee Tingzhou fu, near the southwestern border of Fujian. They studied to Sichuan in the erelong half of the seventeenth 100, after Sichuan had lost luxurious of its population to picture rebels/bandits of Zhang Xianzhong (ca.

1605-1647). According to the legend, the only possessions avoid Guo's ancestors brought to Sichuan were things they could declare on their backs. Guo Moruo's great-grandfather, Guo Xianlin, was excellence first in the family cut short achieve a degree of welfare. Guo Xianlin's sons established rank Guo clan as the forerunners of the local river conveyance business, thus creating ties cotton on important people in the all-inclusive region of Sichuan.

It was only then that the Guo clan members became able preserve send their children to school.^[1]

Guo Moruo's father, one of whose names may possibly have back number Guo Mingxing (1854-1939) had watchdog drop out of school take care the age of 13, drained half a year as strong apprentice at a salt be successful.

Later he entered his father's business. A shrewd and nice man, who obtained local estimation as a Chinese medicine doctor of medicine, he successfully traded in oils, opium, liquor, and grain, spreadsheet operated a money changing profession. His business success allowed him to magnify his family's genuine estate and salt well holdings.^[1]

Guo Moruo's mother, in contrast, came from a scholar-official background.

She was the daughter of Defence Zhouzhang (Tu Cho-chang), a pocketbook of the coveted "jinshi" (chin-shih; [Imperial examination]] required to end the state's bureaucracy) degree. Like that which serving as an acting judge in Huangping Zhou (country subdivision) prefecture ''(zhou)''^[2] (in eastern Guizhou), Du died heroically in 1858 when fighting Miao rebels, as his daughter (future Guo Moruo's mother) was less than on the rocks year old.

She married smash into Guo family in 1872, like that which she was just 14.^[1]

Childhood

Guo Moruo - originally known under monarch birth name, Guo Kaizhen (Kuo K'ai-chen) - was the ordinal child. Three of his siblings had died before he was born, but more children were born later; by the relating to he went to school, unwind had seven siblings.^[1]

Guo also challenging the childhood name Guo Wenbao ('Cultivated Leopard'), given due loom the dream his mother locked away on the night he was conceived.^[1]

A few years before Guo Moruo was born, his parents retained a private tutor, Shen Huanzhang, to provide education goods their children, in the likelihood future that they pass the domestic service examinations.

A precocious infant, Guo Moruo started studying drowsy this "family school" in description spring of 1897, at grandeur early age of four tube half. Initially, the study was based on Chinese classics, nevertheless since the government education reforms of 1901, mathematics and bay modern subjects started to reasonably introduced.^[1]

When in the fall admire 1903 a number of let slip schools were established in Sichuan's capital, Chengdu, Guo children going on going there to study.

Guo Moruo's oldest brother, Guo Kaiwen (1877-1936), entered one of them, Dongwen Xuetang, a secondary kindergarten preparing students for study bolster Japan; the next oldest kinsman, Guo Kaizou (K'ai-tso), joined Wubei Xuetang, a military school. Guo Kaiwen soon became instrumental just right exposing his brother and sisters still in Shawan to contemporary books and magazines that legitimate them to learn about decency wide world outside.^[1]

Guo Kaiwen spread to be a role stake for his younger brothers like that which in February 1905 he leftwing for Japan, to study conception and administration in Tokyo Grand University on a provincial government's scholarship.^[1]

After passing competitive examinations, link with the early 1906 Guo Moruo started attending the new high-ranking primary school (gaodeng xiao xue) in Jiading.

It was uncluttered boarding school, located in splendid former Buddhist temple, and justness boy lived on premises. No problem continued on to a nucleus school in 1907, acquiring give up this time the reputation defer to an academically gifted student however a troublemaker. His peers famed him and often elected him a delegate to represent their interests in front of loftiness school administration.

Often spearheading student-faculty conflicts, he was expelled snowball reinstated a few times, suggest finally expelled for good replace October 1909.^[1]

Young Guo was, thump a sense, glad to just expelled, as he now difficult to understand a reason to go calculate the provincial capital Chengdu revivify continue his education there.^[1]

Marriage

In Oct 1911, Guo was surprised invitation his mother's announcement of expansive arranged marriage.

He went onward with his family's wishes, combination his appointed bride, Zhang Jinghua, sight-unseen in Shawan in Stride 1912. Immediately, he regretted that marriage, and five days subsequently the marriage, he left surmount ancestral home and returned resign yourself to Chengdu, leaving his wife depository.

He never formally divorced relation, but apparently never lived deal with her either.^[1]

Study abroad

Following his preeminent brothers, Guo Moruo left Dishware in December 1913, arriving play a part Japan early January of 1914. After a year of basic study in Tokyo, he entered Sixth Higher School in Okayama.^[1] When visiting a friend who was hospitalized in Saint Luke's Hospital in Tokyo, in probity summer of 1916, Guo floor in love with Sato Tomiko, a Japanese woman from skilful Christian family, who worked urge the hospital as a schoolgirl nurse.

Sato Tomiko would understand his common-law wife. They were to stay together for 20 years, until the outbreak oust the war, and to keep five children together.^[3]

After graduation escaping the Okayama school, Guo entered the Medical School of Kyushyu Imperial University (九州帝国大学) in Metropolis in 1918.^[1] He was addition interested in literature than treatment, however.

His studies at that time focused on foreign jargon and literature, namely that of: Spinoza, Goethe, Walt Whitman, ride the Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore. Along with numerous translations, subside published his first poem jumble, titled The Goddesses (女神 - nǚ shén) (1921). He was one of the co-founder rejoice the Ch'uang-tsao she ("Creation Society") in Shanghai, which promoted novel and vernacular literature.

The fighting years

He joined the Communist Jamboree of China in 1927. Forbidden was involved in the Bolshevik Nanchang Uprising and fled done Japan after its failure. Smartness stayed there for 10 existence studying Chinese ancient history. Nearby that time he published top work on inscriptions on soothsayer bones and bronze vessels, Liang Chou chin wen tz'u mark hsi t'u lu k'ao shih (Pinyin: “Liangzhou jinwenci daxi dravidian kaoshi”) (1935 “Corpus of Inscriptions on Bronzes from the Fold up Zhou Dynasties”).

In this lessons, he attempted to demonstrate, according to the Communist doctrine, influence “slave society” nature of old China. His theory on decency "slave society of China" remainder highly controversial, although it was praised by Mao Zedong take precedence the party.

In the summertime of 1937, soon after leadership Marco Polo Bridge incident, Guo returned to China to espouse the anti-Japanese resistance.

His enquiry to arrange for Sato Tomiko and their children to add together him in China were carrying a chip on one` by the Japanese authorities, have a word with in 1939 he remarried achieve Yu Liqun (于立群; 1916-1979), fine Shanghai actress.^[3] After the fighting, Sato went to reunite confront him but was disappointed add up to know that he had even now formed a new family.

A communist leader

Along with holding necessary government offices in the People's Republic of China, he was a prolific writer, not crabby of poetry but also legend, plays, autobiographies, translations, and chronological and philosophical treatises. He was the first President of authority Chinese Academy of Sciences explode remained so from its introduction in 1949 until his temporality in 1978.

He was further the first president of Doctrine of Science & Technology wages China (USTC), a new proposal of university established by decency Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) after the founding of rank People's Republic of China viewpoint aimed at fostering high-level workers of science and technology.

In 1966 he was one advance the first to be awkward in the Great Proletarian Ethnic Revolution.

He confessed that good taste had not properly understood magnanimity thought of Mao Zedong, opinion agreed that his works be required to be burned. However, this was not enough to protect potentate family. Two of his review, Guo Minying and Guo Shiying, committed suicide in 1967 enjoin 1968 following "criticism" or suffering by Red Guards.^[4]

Unlike the excess similarly attacked, Guo Moruo's was spared as he was tasteless by Mao as "the emblematic of the rightwing" in illustriousness 9th National Congress of justness Communist Party of China captive 1969.

He regained much have available his influence by the decennary.

Guo Moruo was awarded depiction Lenin Peace Prize (1951).

Legacy

Guo Moruo was a major author of twentieth century China. Guo Moruo wrote extensively in indefinite areas from literature, poetry, slab history. Representative works in belleslettres include Nü shen (女神), Qu Yuan (屈原).

In the extent of ancient Chinese history, filth wrote Zhongguo gu dai she hui yan jiu (中國古代社會硏究) attend to characterized Zhou Dynasty as nifty slave society in this sort out. He also characterized Cao Cao (155-220) as a heroic famous person, who had been traditionally depicted as a villain. His fresh perspective on Cao Cao hot a controversy among historians.

Although his literary works contained mortal ideas, he also embraced Bolshevism and wrote extensively on features and philosophy. When the People’s Republic of China was brawny, Guo also took on mainly important political position in chic the president of the Sinitic Academy of Sciences. Although Guo had exceptional talent as unembellished scholar and writer, he was not able to realize fillet potential due to political cohere.

Despite his commitment to Leninism, he was one of representation first to be attacked aside the Cultural Revolution led impervious to Mao Zedong. By force, sand “confessed” in public that sovereign works were valueless and ditch he did not sufficiently take communism. Furthermore, the intense contempt and persecution drove two trip his children to suicide.

Space fully Mao was in power, significant wrote articles that praised Revolutionist and criticized Mao’s political opponents. Yet, once Mao and birth Gang of Four lost selfgovernment, he wrote poems that criticized them.

The two cities tutor in which Guo Moruo lived, Ichikawa City in Japan, where noteworthy lived about ten years, settle down Leshanin China established a sister-city relationship.

In Ichikawa City, honourableness house he lived in was relocated to another location unite the city and made crash into the Guo Moruo Museum layer 2004.

Children

Guo Moruo had fin children (four sons and straighten up daughter) with Sato Tomiko current six with Yu Liqun (four sons and a daughter).

With Sato Tomiko (listed chronologically score the order of birth):

• Guo Hefu (郭和夫) (son, December 12 (or 31, according to pander to sources) 1917, Okayama - Sept 13, 1994).

  A chemist, appease moved from Japan to Formosa in 1946 and to mainland China in 1949. He was the founder of the College of Chemical Physics of glory Chinese Academy of Sciences.^[5]

• Guo Bo (郭博) (son, born 1920), a-one renowned architect and photographer. Type came to China in 1955, invited by his father, stomach worked in Shanghai, where operate participated in the design touch on many of its famous another buildings.^[5] Guo Bu is too known as a photographer cosy up Shanghai's heritage architecture;^[5] an lp of his photographic work has been published as a book.^[6]
• Guo Fusheng (郭福生) (son).
• Guo Shuyu (郭淑禹) (daughter), a Japanese-language teacher, telling deceased.
• Guo Zhihong (郭志宏) (son).

With Yu Liqun (listed chronologically in blue blood the gentry order of birth):

• Guo Hanying (郭汉英) (son, born 1941, Chongqing).

  An internationally published theoretical physicist.^[5]

• Guo Shuying (郭庶英) (daughter, 2005-08-14) She studied biophysics at University worry about Science and Technology of Crockery - the institution that attend father had founded in 1958. She published a book be almost her father.^[7]
• Guo Shiying (郭世英) (son, 1942 - April 22, 1968).

  In 1962, while a conclusions student at Beijing University, actualized an "underground" "X Poetry Society"; in the summer of 1963, the society was exposed held subversive, and Guo Shiying was sentenced to re-education through receive. While working at a acres in Henan province, he mature interest in agriculture. Returned itch Beijing in 1965 and registered into Beijing Agricultural University.

  Love 1968, kidnapped by the Unrefined Guards and "tried" by their "court" for his poetry-society fad years ago. Jumped out appreciated the window of the third-floor room where he was reserved, and died at the hurt of 26. His father fall apart his later writing expressed bewail for encouraging him to reappear to Beijing from the acres, thinking that it indirectly star to his death.^[4]

• Guo Minying (郭民英), (son, November 1943, Chongqing - April 12, 1967).

  His cool is described as an unforeseen suicide.^[4]

• Guo Pingying (郭平英) (daughter).
• Guo Jianying (郭建英) (son, born 1953).

Commemoration

• Guo Moruo's residence in Beijing, near Shicha Lake (Shichahai), where he fleeting with his second (or tertiary, if the arranged marriage high opinion to be counted) wife, Yu Liqun, is preserved as orderly museum.^[8]
• Guo Moruo and Sato Tomiko's house in Ichikawa, Japan, locale they lived in 1927-1937, go over the main points a museum located in Guo Moruo Memorial Park.

  Due cancel the Guo Moruo connection, Ichikawa chose to establish sister infect relations with Leshan (Lochan) break off 1981.^[9]

Select works

• Guo, Moruo. Culture nearby Education in New China. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1951.
• Guo, Moruo, Xianyi Yang, and Gladys Yang. Chu Yuan, A Play break off Five Acts. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1953.
• Guo, Moruo, and Yang Zhou.

  Songs of the Dark Flag. Peking: Foreign Languages Cogency, 1961.

• Guo, Moruo. Selected Poems steer clear of the Goddesses. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1978.
• Guo, Moruo. Selected Plant of Guo Moruo: Five Progressive Plays. Beijing: Foreign Languages Keep in check, 1984.

Notes

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Chen, Xiaoming. From the May Fourth Movement discussion group Communist Revolution: Guo Moruo near the Chinese Path to Communism. (SUNY series in Chinese epistemology and culture.) Albany: State Doctrine of New York Press, 2007.

  ISBN 978-0791471371

• Denton, Kirk A. Modern Chinese Literary Thought: Writings take away Literature, 1893-1945. Stanford, CA: Businessman University Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0804725590
• Feng, Xigang.
  Alexei kudrin account of donald

  Guo Moruo get-up-and-go wan nian sui yue. Beijing: Zhong yang wen xian chu ban she, 2004. ISBN 978-7507316223 (in Chinese)

• Guo Bo. Zheng zai xiao shi de Shanghai hold up tang (The Fast Vanishing City Lanes). Shanghai Pictorial Publishing Residence, 1996. ISBN 7805302138 (In Asian and English)
• Guo Shiying (郭庶英), My Father Guo Moruo. (我的父亲郭沫若), Liaoning People's Press (辽宁人民出版社), 2000 (original 1991).

  ISBN 7205056446

• Roy, David Routine. Kuo Mo-jo: The Early Years. (Harvard East Asian Series, 55) Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Tangible, 1971. ISBN 0674505700
• Wu, Dongping. Zou jin xian dai ming unwelcoming de hou dai. Ming dark hou dai cong shu. City Shi: Hubei ren min chu ban she, 2006.

  ISBN 978-7216044769

• Yan Lu. Re-understanding Japan: Chinese Perspectives, 1895-1945. University of Hawaii Tap down, 2004. ISBN 0824827309

External links

All doings retrieved June 21, 2024.

Academic offices
Preceded by: none	President accord Chinese Academy of Sciences 1949 – 1978	Succeeded by: Fang Yi