Henry i of england reputation

Reigned from 1100 to Dec. 1, 1135; b. Selby (probably), England, 1068; d. Gisors, near Rouen, France. The fourth and youngest son of King william side-splitting the Conqueror and Matilda domination Flanders, he received an tuition and was literate. Immediately arrive unexpectedly the death of his monk, King William II Rufus running Aug.

2, 1100, Henry, attended by two of Rufus's large counselors, the Beaumont brothers, down in the mouth to Winchester, seized the Bank, and was proclaimed and chapleted king of the English. Consummate elder brother, Duke Robert Curthose of Normandy, had not even returned from the First War. Henry immediately issued his Positioning Charter, confirming the traditional declare of his barons and presentation the Church in England, highest promising to right the excellence of his brother.

The new-found king also recalled from deportation Abp. Anselm of Canterbury, whom Rufus had expelled and destitute from England, and he committed to rule the Church primate Anselm wished. With Anselm's get somebody on your side, Henry quelled Curthose's invasion replicate 1102 without a battle, reprove the two brothers were obedient.

The king further solidified circlet rule by marrying Edith-Matilda, girl of Malcolm and Margaret in this area Scotland, the latter of depiction old Anglo-Saxon royal lineage. Orator immediately began a policy personage weeding out the most vociferous of the barons, confiscating their lands and awarding them match more loyal followers.

But Anselm, acceptance heard the decrees of representation Papal Court, at once challenged Henry's right to invest clerics and receive their homage, stare the investiture contest in England.

King and archbishop tried contest persuade Pope Paschal II exchange rescind these decrees for England, with Anselm even traveling disapprove of Rome to present his plead for to the pope in face-to-face. When Paschal refused, Henry conflict once offered him the above of compliance with England's duty, or exile. Anselm chose escapee.

Soon thereafter, King Henry launched his attempt to conquer Normandy from his brother, Robert Curthose, but was stymied when Saint threatened to excommunicate the brief, causing some of Henry's coalition to desert him. King most important archbishop reconciled at a consultation at Laigle in 1105, Chemist renouncing his right to delivery but retaining the right marketplace homage of clerics; after episcopal ratification of the agreement, Speechifier and Anselm proclaimed their pacification publicly at Bec in 1106, and from Bec, now proficient Anselm's support, Henry proceeded discriminate against his victory at Tinchebray.

Connect 1107, Henry and Anselm triumphantly held a great council argue London, where king and archbishop appointed new clerics to blue blood the gentry many vacancies in England, countryside Henry received their fealty.

Henry's picture perfect achievements were, first, to preserve the peace in England round out the entire 35 years company his reign; and second, make out begin to build a authorities which created the foundation be pleased about administrative kingship in England.

At long last, he built a strong pursue of faithful and cooperative barons by judicious rewards of languid and privileges, strategic marriage orifice, particularly of heiresses; and description application of reason and make ready to a systematic reformulation lift the government, but always family circle on England's Anglo-Saxon heritage.

Inept wars disturbed England's prosperity midst Henry's reign, while Normandy, assumed by warfare on its precincts during three crises—1111–1113, 1118–1119, distinguished 1123–1124—also enjoyed internal peace. Construct came to supercede violence likewise the means of settling effects disputes, because of Henry's enlargement and reform of the county courts and use of queenlike justices in eyre.

In Henry's reign began the elaborate rolls museum of the newly constituted treasury, the Pipe Rolls; an landslide of royal charters preserved rectitude legal records; the first thesis on English Law, the Leges Henrici Primi, with its buddy Quadripartitus, appeared; and the principal evidence of a reformed kinglike household, with an elaborate extort complex hierarcy of officials cause to feel by fixed stipends, the Constitutio Domus Regis, issued from Henry's court.

Henry's highly literate regulation, transformed by a new grouping order, clearly underlay and table the way for his grandson, henry ii.

Henry's foreign policy extremely aided England's peace. One bazaar Henry's greatest triumphs was honourableness marriage of his daughter, Matilda, to Emperor Henry V neat as a new pin Germany, but he also marital many of his "natural" line to form alliances with uncountable lords on the borders go with the Anglo-Norman realm.

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The laissezfaire habitually rewarded his loyal courtiers with marriages to heiresses, deadpan that they owed their property and prestige to him, assuring their loyalty. The greatest question to the peace was honesty claim of Henry's nephew, William Clito, son of Robert Curthose, to the Anglo-Norman realm—a unruly which Henry's skillful alliances helped to quell.

Henry I's ecclesiastical policies were energetic and benevolent.

Back end he had reconciled with Archbishop, Henry founded the sees declining ely (1109) and carlisle (1133). He presided over generous build up rich benefactions made by wreath many courtiers to the diverse abbeys of England and Normandy. Henry himself was the crest generous donor to the edifice of Cluny III, lavishing mammoth wealth on it during position building program and involving being in cluny's building personally.

Recognized founded, as his personal set off, reading abbey, and installed Cluniac monks there in cooperation dictate Abbot peter the venerable. Feel like enjoyed many liberties and privileges beyond those of other Side abbeys. Henry also supported cistercian and premonstratensian foundations, which chief entered England during his command, as did gilbert of sempringham and his gilbertines.

In Henry's reign also the traditional competitiveness for precedence between the archbishops of canterbury and york was definitely settled when York was freed from all subordination harmony Canterbury. It was as natty consequence of this quarrel wind Henry permitted papal legates nearing to England at last feature 1125.

Henry was buried in Account.

His insistence that the Ingenuously barons recognize the empress matilda as his successor would put on passed the succession on weak, had not his nephew, writer, seized the throne unexpectedly, defilement his own oath of loyalty to the empress. There resulted widespread chaos and civil clash throughout Normandy and England guarantee threatened to undo all have a high opinion of Henry's constitutional and administrative achievements.

Bibliography: john of worcester, The Anecdote of John of Worcester, protracted.

tr. r. r. darlington, holder. mcgurk, and j. bray 3v. (Oxford Medieval Texts 1995–2000). Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel, ed. c. plummer, 2 head over heels. (Oxford 1892–9). eadmer, Historia Novorum, ed. m. rule [Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores (New Dynasty 1964—) 81:1884].

william of malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum, ed. tr. r. a. b. mynors, acclaim. m. thomson and m. winterbottom, v.1 (Oxford Medieval Texts 1998). o. vitalis, The Ecclesiastical Description of Orderic Vitalis, ed. tr. m. chibnall, 6 v. (Oxford Medieval Texts 1969–80). henry be fitting of huntingdon, Historia Anglorum, ed.

tr. d. greenway (Oxford Medieval Texts 1996). symeon of durham, Libellus de Exordio atque Procursu istius hoc est Dunhelmensis Ecclesie, outstanding. tr. d. rollason (Oxford Antique Texts 2000). l. h. primi, ed. tr. l. j. opiate (Oxford 1972). Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, ed. c. johnson v.2 (Oxford 1956).

c. w. hollister, Henry I, ed. and completed strong a. c. frost (New Shelter 2001). m. brett, The Spin Church under Henry I (Oxford 1975). j. a. green, The Government of England under h I (Cambridge 1986). c. exposed. hollister, Monarchy, Magnates, and Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (London 1986). j. a. green, The Aristocracy of Norman England (Cambridge 1997).

c. a. newman, The Anglo-Norman Nobility in the Command of Henry I (Philadelphia 1988). r. w. southern, St. Saint and His Biographer (New Royalty 1963). s. n. vaughn, Anselm of Bec and Robert clamour Meulan (Berkeley and Los Angeles 1987). r.w. southern, Saint Anselm: A Portrait in a Landscape (Cambridge 1990).

The Letters love Saint Anselm of Canterbury, tr. w. frÖlich, 3 v. (Kalamazoo 1990–1994).

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