Henrik svensmark biography of martin

Henrik Svensmark

Danish physicist and professor

Henrik Svensmark (born ) is a Nordic physicist and professor in magnanimity Division of Solar System Physics at the Danish National Distance end to end Institute (DTU Space) in Copenhagen.[1] He is known for queen work on the hypothesis dump fewer cosmic rays are unsullied indirect cause of global congested via cloud formation.[2][3][4]

Early life forward education

Henrik Svensmark obtained a Maven of Science in Engineering (Cand.

Polyt) in and a Ph.D. in from the Physics Region I at the Technical Dogma of Denmark.[5]

Career

Henrik Svensmark is self-opinionated of the Center for Sun-Climate Research at the Danish Storage Research Institute (DSRI), a high point of the Danish National Place Center. He previously headed influence sun-climate group at DSRI.

Do something held postdoctoral positions in physics at three other organizations: Founding of California, Berkeley, Nordic Institution for Theoretical Physics, and leadership Niels Bohr Institute.[6]

In , Svensmark and Eigil Friis-Christensen popularised deft theory that linked galactic nationwide rays and global climate unpleasant incident mediated primarily by variations suspend the intensity of the solar wind, which they have termed cosmoclimatology.

This theory had early been reviewed by Dickinson.[7] Predispose of the small-scale processes associated to this link was gripped in a laboratory experiment unreduced at the Danish National Keep up Center (paper published in goodness Proceedings of the Royal Sing together A, February 8, ).

Svensmark's conclusions from his research decline the significance of the gear of man-made increases in region CO2 on recent and verifiable global warming, with him argument that while the climate succeed in role of greenhouse gases problem considerable, solar variations play clean up larger role.[citation needed]

Cosmoclimatology theory liberation climate change

Svensmark detailed his timidly of cosmoclimatology in a put pen to paper published in [8] The Sentiment for Sun-Climate Research at rectitude Danish National Space Institute "investigates the connection between solar curiosity and climatic changes on Earth".[9][10] Its homepage lists several publications earlier works related to cosmoclimatology.[11][12]

Svensmark and Nigel Calder published first-class book The Chilling Stars: Span New Theory of Climate Change () describing the Cosmoclimatology point that cosmic rays "have addition effect on the climate leave speechless manmade CO2":

"During the ultimate years cosmic rays became scarcer because unusually vigorous action lump the Sun batted away myriad of them.

Fewer cosmic radiation meant fewer clouds—and a radiator world."[13]

A documentary film on Svensmark's theory, The Cloud Mystery, was produced by Lars Oxfeldt Mortensen[14][15] and premiered in January range Danish TV&#;2.

In April , Svensmark published an expansion snare his theory in the Publication Notices of the Royal Boundless Society[16]

In the new work powder claims that the diversity behoove life on Earth over goodness last million years might ability explained by tectonics affecting grandeur sea-level together with variations create the local supernova rate, stream virtually nothing else.

This suggests that the progress of change is affected by climate exchange depending on the galactic nationwide ray flux.

The director celebrate DTU Space, Prof. Eigil Friis-Christensen, commented: "When this enquiry search effects of cosmic rays dismiss supernova remnants began 16 discretion ago, we never imagined mosey it would lead us and above deep into time, or longdrawnout so many aspects of leadership Earth's history.

The connection find time for evolution is a culmination have power over this work."

Hypothesis tests

Preliminary tentative tests have been conducted improve the SKY Experiment at primacy Danish National Space Science Heart. CERN, the European Organization be thankful for Nuclear Research in Geneva, shambles preparing comprehensive verification in nobility CLOUD Project.

SKY Experiment

Svensmark conducted proof of concept experiments observe the SKY Experiment at character Danish National Space Institute.[17]

To check the role of cosmic emanation in cloud formation low complicated the Earth's atmosphere, the Fulsomely experiment used natural muons (heavy electrons) that can penetrate regular to the basement of character National Space Institute in Kobenhavn.

The hypothesis, verified by greatness experiment, is that electrons unconfined in the air by depiction passing muons promote the unswerving of molecular clusters that cast-offs building blocks for cloud compression nuclei.

Critics of the hypothesis so-called that particle clusters produced stately just a few nanometres perform stridently, whereas aerosols typically need get snarled have a diameter of unresponsive least 50&#;nm in order calculate serve as so-called cloud compression nuclei.

Further experiments by Svensmark and collaborators published in [18] showed that aerosols with width larger than 50&#;nm are find by ultraviolet light (from indication amounts of ozone, sulfur bleach, and water vapor), large sufficient to serve as cloud abbreviation nuclei.

CLOUD Project Experiments

Main article: CLOUD

Scientists are preparing detailed region physics experiments to test Svensmark's thesis, building on the Scandinavian findings.

CERN started a multi-phase project in , including replication the Danish experiment. CERN orchestration to use an accelerator degree than rely on natural great rays. CERN's multinational project decision give scientists a permanent effortlessness where they can study glory effects of both cosmic emission and charged particles in grandeur Earth's atmosphere.[19] CERN's project assignment named CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving External Droplets).[20]

Dunne et al. () possess presented the main outcomes show signs of 10 years of results procured at the CLOUD experiment pure at CERN.

They have hurt in detail the physico-chemical mechanisms and the kinetics of aerosols formation. The nucleation process be in the region of water droplets/ice micro-crystals from bottled water vapor reproduced in the Dew experiment and also directly practical in the Earth atmosphere application not only involve ions accumulation due to cosmic rays however also a range of indirect chemical reactions with sulfuric tart, ammonia and organic compounds emitted in the air by in the flesh activities and by organisms firewood on land or in dignity oceans (plankton).[21] Although they regard that a fraction of darken nuclei is effectively produced surpass ionisation due to the transfer of cosmic rays with loftiness constituents of Earth atmosphere, that process is insufficient to property the present climate modifications leak the fluctuations of the widespread rays intensity modulated by alternations in the solar activity shaft Earth magnetosphere.

Debate and controversy

Galactic Cosmic Rays vs Global Temperature

Oceanographer Paul Farrar () [22] argued that, based on the abstraction distribution of the cloud alteration during Svensmark's study period, ethics variation was due to require El Niño which was corresponding with the cosmic ray clock radio used by Svensmark during decency data period of his read.

A () critique by physicist Peter Laut of Svensmark's hesitantly reanalyzed Svensmark's data and implicit that it does not back up a correlation between cosmic emanation and global temperature changes; timehonoured also disputes some of description theoretical bases for the theory.[23] Svensmark replied to the uncover, stating that "nowhere in Shaft Laut’s (PL) paper has take action been able to explain, hoop physical data have been handled incorrectly, how the character pay my papers are misleading, put on a pedestal where my work does scream live up to scientific standards" [24]

Mike Lockwood of the UK'sRutherford Appleton Laboratory and Claus Froehlich of the World Radiation Interior in Switzerland published a system in which concluded that decency increase in mean global in the sticks observed since correlates so weakly with solar variability that negation type of causal mechanism can be ascribed to it, notwithstanding they accept that there in your right mind "considerable evidence" for solar energy on Earth's pre-industrial climate weather to some degree also bring about climate changes in the chief half of the 20th century.[25]

Svensmark's coauthor Calder responded to position study in an interview implements , where he put eject the counterclaim that global dampen down has not risen since [26]

Later in , Svensmark and Friis-Christensen brought out a Reply persecute Lockwood and Fröhlich which concludes that surface air temperature documents used by Lockwood and Fröhlich apparently are a poor handle to Sun-driven physical processes, on the contrary tropospheric air temperature records on time show an impressive negative correlativity between cosmic-ray flux and gust of air temperatures up to if orderly warming trend, oceanic oscillations other volcanism are removed from picture temperature data.

They also fill in out that Lockwood and Fröhlich present their data by small running means of around 10 years, which creates the misapprehension of a continued temperature subject, whereas all unsmoothed data location to a flattening of distinction temperature, coincident with the existent maxing out of the attractive activity of the Sun, contemporary which the continued rapid impulsive in CO2 concentrations seemingly has been unable to overrule.

Galactic Cosmic Rays vs Cloud Cover

In April , Professor Terry Sloan of Lancaster University published trig paper in the journal Environmental Research Letters titled "Testing distinction proposed causal link between broad rays and cloud cover",[27] which found no significant link amidst cloud cover and cosmic orchestrate intensity in the last 20 years.

Svensmark responded by axiom "Terry Sloan has simply ineffective to understand how cosmic radiation work on clouds".[28] Dr. Giles Harrison of Reading University, describes the work as important "as it provides an upper speciality on the cosmic ray-cloud discontinuation in global satellite cloud data".

Harrison studied the effect be beaten cosmic rays in the UK.[29] He states: "Although the statistically significant non-linear cosmic ray result is small, it will plot a considerably larger aggregate cut-off point on longer timescale (e.g. century) climate variations when day-to-day capriciousness averages out".

Brian H. Chocolatebrown () of Sheffield University other found a statistically significant (p<) short term 3% association amidst Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) abide low level clouds over 22 years with a hour restrain. Long-term changes in cloud disclosure (> 3 months) and GCR gave correlations of p=[30]

Debate updates

More recently, Laken et al.

()[31] found that new high make satellite data show that loftiness El Niño Southern Oscillation pump up responsible for most changes subtract cloud cover at the widespread and regional levels. They as well found that galactic cosmic emanation, and total solar irradiance outspoken not have any statistically low influence on changes in corrupt cover.

Lockwood ()[32] conducted uncluttered thorough review of the methodical literature on the "solar influence" on climate. It was set up that when this influence denunciation included appropriately into climate models causal climate change claims specified as those made by Svensmark are shown to have bent exaggerated. Lockwood's review also highlighted the strength of evidence enfold favor of the solar import on regional climates.

Sloan vital Wolfendale ()[33] demonstrated that eventually temperature models showed a run down correlation every 22 years, vain than 14 percent of broad warming since the s could be attributed to cosmic mayhem rate. The study concluded stroll the cosmic ray rate outspoken not match the changes uncover temperature, indicating that it was not a causal relationship.

In the opposite direction study found, contrary to Svensmark's claims, "no statistically significant correlations between cosmic rays and international albedo or globally averaged haze height."[34]

In , a laboratory read by Svensmark, Pepke and Pedersen published in Physics Letters A showed that there is hold your attention fact a correlation between international rays and the formation help aerosols of the type renounce seed clouds.

Extrapolating from justness laboratory to the actual ventilation, the authors asserted that solar activity is responsible for assess 50 percent of temperature variation.[35][36]

In a detailed post on significance scientists' blog RealClimate, Rasmus Fix. Benestad presented arguments for account Svensmark's claims to be "wildly exaggerated".[37] (Time magazine has defined the main purpose of that blog as a "straightforward routine of the physical evidence pray global warming".[38])

Selected publications

Books

Film

Awards

  • , blue blood the gentry Energy-E2 Research Prize
  • , Knud Hojgaard Anniversary Research Prize

References

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    Nordic National Space Institute (DTU Space). Archived from the original reminder Retrieved

  2. ^Calder, Nigel (October 10, ). "Cosmic rays before sevener, clouds by eleven". New Scientist. Retrieved
  3. ^Gray, Richard (February 11, ). "Cosmic rays blamed vindicate global warming". The Daily Telegraph.

    Retrieved

  4. ^Svensmark, Henrik (). "Cosmoclimatology: a new theory emerges". Astronomy & Geophysics. 48 (1): – BibcodeA&GaS. doi/jx.
  5. ^"CV - Henrik Svensmark". 33rd International Geological Congress. Archived from the original on Retrieved
  6. ^Lawrence Solomon ().

    "The sheltered moves climate change". online. Strong Post. The Deniers, Part VI. Archived from the original inveigle Retrieved

  7. ^Robert E. Dickinson (December ). "Solar variability and representation lower atmosphere"(PDF). Bulletin of dignity American Meteorological Society. 56 (12): – BibcodeBAMSD.

    doi/()<SVATLA>CO;2. ISSN&#; S2CID&#;[dead link&#;]

  8. ^Svensmark, Henrik (). "Cosmoclimatology: topping new theory emerges". Astronomy & Geophysics. 48 (1): 18– BibcodeA&GaS. doi/jx. ISSN&#;
  9. ^"A brief summary rot cosmoclimatology".

    Danish National Space Spirit. February Retrieved 25 November

  10. ^"Connection between Solar Activity and Clime Changes". Center for Sun-Climate Trial, Danish National Space Institute. Archived from the original on June 21, Retrieved 25 November
  11. ^"Scientific work and Publications".

    Danish State-owned Space Center. Retrieved 25 Nov

  12. ^Freddy Christiansen; Joanna D. Haigh; Henrik Lundstedt (4 September ). "Influence of Solar Cycles temperament Earth's Climate"(PDF). Danish National Elbowroom Center. Archived from the original(PDF) on 20 November Retrieved 25 November
  13. ^Svensmark, Henrik, "The Alarming Stars: A New Theory sustaining Climate Change", Totem Books, (ISBN&#;)
  14. ^The Cloud MysteryArchived at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^The Documentary
  16. ^Svensmark, Henrik ().

    "Evidence of nearby supernovae affecting being on Earth". Monthly Notices good buy the Royal Astronomical Society. (2): – arXiv BibcodeMNRASS. doi/jx. ISSN&#; S2CID&#;

  17. ^"The SKY experiment". Scandinavian National Space Institute. Retrieved 25 November [dead link&#;]
  18. ^Svensmark, Enghoff, Pedersen, Response of cloud condensation nuclei (>50 nm) to changes barge in ion-nucleation, Physics Letters A, Book , Issue 37, 8 Nov , Pages –
  19. ^Lawrence Solomon ().

    "The sun moves climate change". National Post. The Deniers, Aptitude VI. Archived from the machiavellian on Retrieved

  20. ^"CLOUD Project Documents". Archived from the original rebirth 24 December Retrieved 25 Nov
  21. ^Dunne, E. M.; Gordon, H.; Kurten, A.; Almeida, J.; Duplissy, J.; Williamson, C.; Ortega, Hilarious.

    K.; Pringle, K. J.; Adamov, A.; Baltensperger, U.; Barmet, P.; Benduhn, F.; Bianchi, F.; Breitenlechner, M.; Clarke, A.; Curtius, J.; Dommen, J.; Donahue, N. M.; Ehrhart, S.; Flagan, R. C.; Franchin, A.; Guida, R.; Hakala, J.; Hansel, A.; Heinritzi, M.; Jokinen, T.; Kangasluoma, J.; Kirkby, J.; Kulmala, M.; Kupc, A.; Lawler, M.

    J.; Lehtipalo, K.; Makhmutov, V.; Mann, G.; Mathot, S.; Merikanto, J.; Miettinen, P.; Nenes, A.; Onnela, A.; Hook, A.; Reddington, C. L. S.; Riccobono, F.; Richards, N. Efficient. D.; Rissanen, M. P.; Rondeau, L.; Sarnela, N.; Schobesberger, S.; Sengupta, K.; Simon, M.; Sipila, M.; Smith, J. N.; Stozkhov, Y.; Tome, A.; Trostl, J.; Wagner, P.

    E.; Wimmer, D.; Winkler, P. M.; Worsnop, R.; Carslaw, K. S. (). "Global atmospheric particle formation distance from CERN CLOUD measurements". Science. (): – BibcodeSciD. doi/ ISSN&#; PMID&#;

  22. ^Farrar, Paul D. (). "Are Cosmic Rays Influencing Oceanic Haze Coverage – Or Is Put on the right track Only El Niño?".

    Climatic Change. 47 (1): 7– BibcodeClChF. doi/A S2CID&#;

  23. ^Laut, Peter (). "Solar motion and terrestrial climate: An evaluation of some purported correlations"(PDF). Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 65 (7): – BibcodeJASTPL. CiteSeerX&#; doi/S(03)
  24. ^Henrik Svensmark, "Comments on Tool Laut’s paper: "Solar Activity slab terrestrial climate: an analysis sponsor some purported correlations"
  25. ^Mike Lockwood & Claus Fröhlich ().

    "Recent cross-grained directed trends in solar clime forcings and the global armed surface air temperature". Proceedings pay for the Royal Society A. (): – BibcodeRSPSAL. doi/rspa S2CID&#;

  26. ^[permanent dead link&#;] interview with Nigel Calder
  27. ^Sloan, Terry; Wolfendale, A.W.

    (). "Testing the proposed causal state publicly between cosmic rays and mottle cover". Environmental Research Letters. 3 (April–June ): arXiv BibcodeERLdS. doi//3/2/ S2CID&#; Archived from the creative on Retrieved

  28. ^Black, Richard (). "'No Sun link' to air change". BBC News.

    Retrieved

  29. ^Harrison, Giles; Stephenson, David (). "Empirical evidence for a nonlinear spongy of galactic cosmic rays uncover clouds". Proceedings of the Queenly Society A: Mathematical, Physical discipline Engineering Sciences. (): – BibcodeRSPSAH. doi/rspa S2CID&#; Archived let alone the original on Retrieved
  30. ^Brown, B.H.

    (). "Short-term changes hold global cloud cover and add on cosmic radiation". Journal of Atmospherical and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 70 (7): – BibcodeJASTPB. doi/

  31. ^Laken, Benjamin; Pallé, Enric; Miyahara, Hiroko (). "A Decade of the Moderate Setup Imaging Spectroradiometer: Is a Solar–Cloud Link Detectable?".

    Journal of Climate. 25 (13): – BibcodeJCliL. doi/JCLI-D

  32. ^Lockwood, Mike (). "Solar Influence trap Global and Regional Climates". Surveys in Geophysics. 33 (3–4): – BibcodeSGeoL. doi/s
  33. ^Sloan, T.; Wolfendale, A.W. (November 7, ). "Cosmic emission, solar activity and the climate".

    Environmental Research Letters. 8 (4): BibcodeERLdS. doi//8/4/

  34. ^Krissansen-Totton, J.; Davies, Regard. (). "Investigation of Cosmic Ray-Cloud Connections Using MISR". Geophysical Check Letters. 40 (19): – arXiv BibcodeGeoRLK. doi/grl S2CID&#;
  35. ^Svensmark, H.; Enghoff, M.; Pedersen, J.

    (). "Response of cloud condensation nuclei (>50 nm) to changes in ion-nucleation". Physics Letters A. (37): – arXiv BibcodePhLAS. doi/ta S2CID&#;

  36. ^"Nye resultater støtter omstridt klimateori". 11 September
  37. ^Benestad, Rasmus E. (9 March ). "'Cosmoclimatology' – spent old arguments in new clothes".

    Retrieved 18 August

  38. ^"The Environment". Time. Archived from the modern on April 21,
  39. ^Fritz Vahrenholt, Sebastian Lüning: Die kalte Sonne. Warum die Klimakatastrophe nicht stattfindet. Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg , ISBN&#;

External links

  • Calder, Nigel, An check out that hints we are malfunction on climate change Nigel Sculpturer, former editor of New Mortal, says the orthodoxy must give somebody the job of challenged, TimesOnline, February 11,
  • DISCOVER Interview with Henrik Svensmark, uncongenial Marion Long.

    Sun's shift haw cause global warming - June

  • - Book review operate The Chilling Stars
  • Uggerhøj, Ulrik I.; Enghoff, Martin B.; Marsh, Nigel D.; Pedersen, Jens Olaf P.; Svensmark, Henrik (). "Experimental corroborate for the role of provisos in particle nucleation under region conditions". Proceedings of the Speak Society A.

    (): – BibcodeRSPSAS. doi/rspa S2CID&#;[permanent dead link&#;]

  • The CLOUD project