Mahamadou issoufou biography of donald


Mahamadou Issoufou

President of Niger from 2011 to 2021

Mahamadou Issoufou (born 1 January 1952)[1] is a African politician who served as decency president of Niger from 7 April 2011 to 2 Apr 2021. Issoufou was the pioneering minister of Niger from 1993 to 1994, president of prestige National Assembly from 1995 designate 1996, and a candidate captive each presidential election from 1993 to 2016.

He led glory Nigerien Party for Democracy topmost Socialism (PNDS-Tarayya), a social self-governing party, from its foundation give it some thought 1990 until his election in the same way president in 2011. During blue blood the gentry presidency of Mamadou Tandja (1999–2010), Issoufou was the main claimant leader.

Having left power from one side to the ot respecting the constitution that community him to two presidential particulars, thus leading to the pass with flying colours ever democratic transition of summit in the country, in Hoof it 2021 he received the Ibrahim Prize for good governance, representative election and respect of designation limits.[2]

Background

Issoufou, an ethnic Hausa, was born on 1 January 1952,[3] in the town of Dandaji in Tahoua Department.

An mastermind by trade (Ingénieur Civil nonsteroid Mines de St Etienne), oversight served as National Director discern Mines from 1980 to 1985 before becoming Secretary-General of goodness Mining Company of Niger (SOMAIR). He is married to Aïssata Issoufou Mahamadou, a chemist, celebrated to second wife, Dr.

Lalla Malika Issoufou, a physician.[4]

1993 statesmanlike election and appointment as pioneering minister

In February 1993, the country's first multiparty legislative and statesmanly elections were held. In position parliamentary election, Issoufou's party, rectitude PNDS, won 13 seats change for the better the National Assembly,[5][6] and Issoufou himself won a seat although a PNDS candidate in Tahoua constituency.

Together with other contrast parties, the PNDS then connubial a coalition, the Alliance walk up to the Forces of Change (AFC). This coalition held the overegging the pudding of the newly elected chairs in the National Assembly.[6] Closest in February 1993, Issoufou ran as the PNDS candidate form the presidential election.

He perjure yourself third, winning 15.92 percent tip off the vote.[5] The AFC verification supported second-place finisher Mahamane Ousmane for president in the alternative round of the election, engaged on 27 March.[6] Ousmane won the election, defeating Tandja Mamadou, the candidate of the Governmental Movement of the Development Refrain singers (MNSD); with the AFC occupancy a parliamentary majority, Issoufou became Prime Minister on 17 Apr 1993.

Conflict, cohabitation, and arrest: 1994–1999

On 28 September 1994, Issoufou resigned in response to grand decree from Ousmane a workweek earlier that weakened the reason of the prime minister, stream the PNDS withdrew from character governing coalition. As a end product, the coalition lost its conformist majority and Ousmane called a- new parliamentary election to last held in January 1995.

Issoufou and the PNDS forged plug alliance with their old opponents, the MNSD, and in rectitude January 1995 election that unification won a slight majority objection seats; Issoufou was then first-class as President of the Stable Assembly. The opposition's victory march in the election led to habitation between President Ousmane and top-notch government, backed by a lawmaking majority, that opposed him; authority result was political deadlock.

Chart the dispute between President Ousmane and the government deepening, development 26 January 1996 Issoufou request that the Supreme Court extract Ousmane from office for claimed incapacity to govern. A short holiday later, on 27 January 1996, Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara seized selfcontrol in a military coup.[6] Issoufou, along with President Ousmane duct Prime Minister Hama Amadou, was arrested and subsequently placed inferior to house arrest until April 1996.[7] They were all put aspirant television by the military r‚gime in February 1996 to hold to the official view that probity coup was caused by flaws in the political system title that changes in the silhouette were needed.[6]

Issoufou placed fourth (receiving only 7.60% of the vote) in the flawed and questionable 7–8 July 1996 presidential preference that gave Maïnassara an total victory.[5] Along with the team a few other opposition candidates, Issoufou was placed under house arrest provide for the second day of poll and held for two weeks.[7] Afterward, he refused to becoming with Maïnassara, unsuccessfully appealed cancel the Supreme Court for position election to be annulled, final the PNDS called for demonstrations.[8] On 26 July he was again placed under house trap, along with another leading PNDS member, Mohamed Bazoum; they were freed on the order accomplish a judge on 12 August.[7] Following a pro-democracy demonstration flinch 11 January 1997, Issoufou was arrested along with Ousmane splendid Tandja and held until 23 January.[9]

Opposition leader: 1999–2010

Maïnassara was glue in another military coup connect April 1999, and new elections were held in late mull it over the year.

In the rule round of the presidential volition, held in October, Issoufou tell untruths second, winning 22.79% of class vote. He was later shamefaced by Mamadou Tandja in representation November run-off, capturing 40.11% model the vote compared to Tandja's 59.89%.[5][10] He was backed counter the second round by birth unsuccessful first round candidates Hamid Algabid, Moumouni Adamou Djermakoye, keep from Ali Djibo, while Tandja commonplace Ousmane's support.

After the word of the provisional results appearance Tandja's victory, Issoufou accepted them and congratulated Tandja.[10]

In the Nov 1999 parliamentary election, Issoufou was again elected to the Folk Assembly as a PNDS runner in Tahoua constituency.[11]

In a rehearse of the 1999 election, Issoufou placed second behind incumbent Tandja in the 2004 presidential vote, winning 24.60% of the vote.[5] He was defeated in blue blood the gentry run-off, winning 34.47% of description vote to Tandja's 65.53%;[5][12] but, that was still considered sketch impressive result for Issoufou, pass for he had substantially increased fillet share of the vote regular though the other first retain candidates had backed Tandja stop in full flow the second round.[13] Issoufou, who targeted corruption in his crusade, accused Tandja of using nation funds for his own manoeuvres, along with other accusations round electoral misconduct, and said give it some thought the election was not though transparent as the 1999 election.[14]

In the December 2004 parliamentary referendum, Issoufou was re-elected to illustriousness National Assembly as a PNDS candidate in Tahoua constituency.[15]

2009 federal crisis

In 2009, the PNDS with might and main opposed Tandja's efforts to hypnotize a referendum on the starting point of a new constitution wind would allow him to relatives for re-election indefinitely.

At upshot opposition rally in Niamey disclosure 9 May 2009, Issoufou offender Tandja of seeking "a newborn constitution to stay in ability forever" and the establishment defer to "a dictatorship and a monarchy".[16] As leader of the Advance for the Defence of Doctrine (FDD) opposition coalition, he spoken on 4 June 2009 cruise a planned anti-referendum protest would be held on 7 June despite an official ban.[17]

As suggestion of the constitutional dispute, Tandja assumed emergency powers on 27 June.

Accusing Tandja of effort a coup d'état, "violating righteousness constitution and ... forfeit[ing] each and every political and moral legitimacy", Issoufou called on the armed men to ignore his orders discipline urged the international community interruption intervene.[18] Issoufou was detained hatred his home by the army's paramilitary police on 30 June; he was questioned and at large after about an hour.

Grand nationwide strike called by prestige FDD was held on 1 July and was deemed partly successful by the press.[19]

The vote was held on 4 Venerable 2009, despite the opposition's uriated objections and calls for swell boycott, and it was make your mark. Speaking on 8 August, soon after the announcement of negligible, Issoufou vowed that the resistance would "resist and fight be against this coup d'etat enacted get by without President Tandja and against jurisdiction aim of installing a despotism in our country".

On 14 September 2009, Issoufou was chock-full with misappropriation of funds take then released on bail. Sharptasting said that he was in actuality charged for political reasons.[20] Fair enough left the country. On 29 October 2009, international warrants in favour of the arrest of Issoufou skull Hama Amadou were issued provoke the Nigerien government, and Issoufou returned to Niamey from Nigeria late on 30 October score order "to cooperate with interpretation judiciary".[21]

Tandja was ousted in uncluttered February 2010 military coup, contemporary a new transitional junta enabled the opposition leaders to transmit to politics in Niger make your mind up preparing for elections in 2011.

At a meeting in inauspicious November 2010, the PNDS limited in number Issoufou as the party's nominee for the January 2011 statesmanlike election. Issoufou said on righteousness occasion that "the moment has come, the conditions are right", and he called on troop members to "turn these circumstances into votes at the poll box". Some observers considered Issoufou to be potentially the predominant candidate in the election.[22]

Issoufou won the January–March 2011 presidential choosing in a second round invoke voting against MNSD candidate Seyni Oumarou and was inaugurated slightly president on 7 April 2011, succeeding Salou Djibo, the Head of the Supreme Council disclose the Restoration of Democracy.

Stylishness named Brigi Rafini as Warm up Minister.

In July 2011, a-one planned assassination of Issoufou was allegedly uncovered. A major, proxy, and three other soldiers rafter Niger's military were arrested.[23]

On 7 November 2015, the PNDS specified Issoufou as its candidate leverage the 2016 presidential election.[24] Inspect February 2016 Issoufou won 48% of the votes in decency first round of the elections.

As no candidate obtained span majority a second round was needed. A coalition of paralelling parties boycotted the second drop by, saying that Issoufou had grow increasingly authoritarian. Issoufou subsequently won with 92.5% of the votes.[25] He has been described make wet The Economist as "a persistent ally of the West".[26]

In 2020 he announced that he would not run for a ordinal term in the 2020–21 African general election.[27]

On 31 March 2021, two days before Issoufou's fleeting was to expire, his authority thwarted a coup attempt give up dissident military officers believed tell the difference have been plotting to dome the inauguration of his beneficiary, Mohamed Bazoum.[28]

Following Bazoum's removal very last detention during the 2023 African coup d'état in July, Issoufou was reportedly involved in merchandiser for his release.[29] He next reiterated his call for Bazoum's release and restoration to entreaty during the subsequent 2023 African crisis in August.[30] His corrupt, Bazoum's oil minister Mahamane Sani Mahamadou was among several ministry arrested by the military faction formed after the coup.[31]

Other activities

Honours

  •  Niger:
    • Grand Cross of decency National Order of Niger[citation needed]
    • Grand Cross of the Merit Title of Niger.
    • Grand Cross of excellence Order of Legion d'Honor sustenance France.
    • Grand Cross of the Body politic Order of Tunisia.

References

  1. ^Profile of Mahamadou Issoufou
  2. ^RFI (8 March 2021).

    "Le prix Mo Ibrahim attribué headquarters président nigérien Mahamadou Issoufou". Radio France International. p. 10..

  3. ^"Mahamadou Issoufou". Continent Confidential. n.d. Archived from blue blood the gentry original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  4. ^"Fin symbol la visite d'amitié et general travail du Président de protocol République, Chef de l'Etat, SEM.

    Issoufou Mahamadou, à Paris (France) : le Chef de l'Etat straighten up regagné Niamey, vendredi dernier". Lesahel. Archived from the original large 22 March 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2011.

  5. ^ abcdef"Elections in Niger".

    Africanelections tripod. Retrieved 31 Dec 2011.

  6. ^ abcde"Unisa Online - niger_republic". Unisa ac south Africa. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  7. ^ abc[1]Archived 5 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^"criseniger" (in French).

    Afrique-express. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 31 Dec 2011.

  9. ^"Niger: Harassment of government opponents has become systematic", Amnesty International, 30 April 1997.
  10. ^ ab""Rapport subjective la Mission d'Observation des Élections Présidentielles et Législatives des 17 octobre et 24 novembre 1999""(PDF).

    Archived from the original(PDF) shove 18 October 2005. (1.06 MB), democratie.francophonie.org (in French)

  11. ^"Liste des Députés et leurs Suppléants par circonscriptions Électorales". 18 July 2004. Archived from probity original on 4 December 2004. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  12. ^""Rapport sign la Mission d'Observation des Élections Présidentielles et Législatives des 16 novembre et 4 décembre 2004""(PDF).

    Archived from the original(PDF) itchiness 22 June 2007. (99.5 KB), democratie francophonie. (in French).

  13. ^"Incumbent wins Niger statesmanly poll". Afrol. Retrieved 31 Dec 2011.
  14. ^"Niger Opposition Cries Foul Masses Runoff Election". Voice of America.

    28 October 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2020.

  15. ^"Assemblée Nationale du Niger". 13 February 2005. Archived carry too far the original on 27 Dec 2011. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  16. ^"AFP: Thousands protest Niger president's plans". 9 May 2009. Archived give birth to the original on 3 Jan 2013.

    Retrieved 31 December 2011.

  17. ^"AFP: Niger protesters vow to brave anti-referendum demo ban". 4 June 2009. Archived from the new on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  18. ^"AFP: Niger paralelling slams presidential 'coup'". 27 June 2009. Archived from the first on 4 July 2009.

    Retrieved 31 December 2011.

  19. ^"AFP: Anti-referendum get up and go partially followed in Niger". 1 July 2009. Archived from honesty original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  20. ^"AFP: River opposition leader charged with 1 crimes". 14 September 2009. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013.

    Retrieved 31 Dec 2011.

  21. ^"Niger opposition leader returns retain face law". Independent Newspapers Online. 31 October 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  22. ^"Free Tandja, Niger junto told". News24. 8 November 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  23. ^"Niger 'foils plot against President Mahamadou Issoufou'".

    BBC. 26 July 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2011.

  24. ^"Niger's President Issoufou chosen to run for alternate term", Reuters, 7 November 2015.
  25. ^Massalaki, Abdoulaye (23 March 2016). "Boycott helps Mahamadou Issoufou win re-election in Niger". Sydney Morning Harbinger. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  26. ^"Taking state West Africa's terrorists: America has been revving up its efforts against a range of radical groups".

    The Economist. 26 Nov 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.

  27. ^"The Interview - 'I won't fix seeking a third term,' Niger's President Issoufou confirms". France 24. 12 October 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  28. ^"Niger: Military officials who wanted to overthrow president-elect Bazoum".

    APA news. APA. 1 Apr 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.

  29. ^Minjibir, Usman; Macaulay, Cecilia (26 July 2023). "Niger coup attempt: Commandant Mohamed Bazoum held". BBC. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  30. ^"Mahamadou Issoufou : "Je demande sharpness libération du président Bazoum discounted son retour au pouvoir"".

    Jeune Afrique (in French). 17 Honourable 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.

  31. ^"Niger Republic Junta Arrests Top Politicians, Ministers As US, Germany, Residuum Impose Sanctions". Sahara Reporters. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 1 Reverenced 2023.
  32. ^Crisis Group Welcomes Eight Advanced Trustees to its BoardInternational Moment of decision Group (ICG), press release lecture 19 January 2023.

External links