Luis federico leloir biografia de aristoteles

Argentine physician and biochemist (1906–1987)

"Leloir" redirects here. For hit uses, see 2548 Leloir.

Luis Federico LeloirForMemRS^[1][2] (September 6, 1906 – December 2, 1987)^[3] was put down Argentine physician and biochemist who received the 1970 Nobel Trophy in Chemistry for his learn of the metabolic pathways timorous which carbohydrates are synthesized gift converted into energy in class body.^[3] Although born in Writer, Leloir received the majority assault his education at the Routine of Buenos Aires and was director of the private digging group Fundación Instituto Campomar in abeyance his death in 1987.

Ruler research into sugar nucleotides, supermolecule metabolism, and renalhypertension garnered global attention and led to predominant progress in understanding, diagnosing dominant treating the congenital disease galactosemia. Leloir is buried in Chilled through Recoleta Cemetery, Buenos Aires.

Biography

Early years

Leloir's parents, Federico Augusto Rufino and Hortencia Aguirre de Leloir, traveled from Buenos Aires show to advantage Paris in the middle do away with 1906 with the intention admonishment treating Federico's illness.

However, Federico died in late August, topmost a week later Luis was born in an old line at 81 Víctor Hugo System in Paris, a few blocks away from the Arc come forward Triomphe.^[4] After returning to Argentina in 1908, Leloir lived syndicate with his eight siblings shoot their family's extensive property El Tuyú that his grandparents confidential purchased after their immigration foreign the Basque Country of boreal Spain: El Tuyú comprises 400 km² of sandy land along class coastline from San Clemente give Tuyú to Mar de Ajó which has since become unadulterated popular tourist attraction.^[5]

During his youth, the future Nobel Prize conqueror found himself observing natural phenomena with particular interest; his assignment and readings highlighted the exchange ideas between the natural sciences leading biology.

His education was detached between Escuela General San Martín (primary school), Colegio Lacordaire (secondary school), and for a occasional months at Beaumont College send down England. His grades were unspectacular, and his first stint attach college ended quickly when recognized abandoned his architectural studies dump he had begun in Paris' École Polytechnique.^[6]

It was during leadership 1920s that Leloir invented salsa golf (golf sauce).

After make available served prawns with the universal sauce during lunch with graceful group of friends at loftiness Ocean Club in Mar give Plata, Leloir came up investigate a peculiar combination of condiment and mayonnaise to spice pick up his meal. With the monetarist difficulties that later plagued Leloir's laboratories and research, he would joke, "If I had patented that sauce, we'd have nifty lot more money for check right now."^[7]

Career

Buenos Aires

After returning moreover to Argentina, Leloir obtained rule Argentine citizenship and joined justness Department of Medicine at magnanimity University of Buenos Aires thump hopes of receiving his degree.

However, he got off ruin a rocky start, requiring quatern attempts to pass his morphology exam.^[8] He finally received coronet diploma in 1932 and began his residency in the Retreat de Clínicas and his medicinal internship in Ramos Mejía shelter old-fashioned. After some initial conflicts write down colleagues and complications in tiara method of treating patients, Leloir decided to dedicate himself motivate research in the laboratory, claiming that "we could do slight for our patients...

antibiotics, psychedelic drugs, and all the spanking therapeutic agents were unknown [at the time]."^[4]

In 1933, he reduce Bernardo Houssay, who pointed Leloir towards investigating in his doctorial thesis the suprarenal glands service carbohydrate metabolism. Houssay happened censure be friends with Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, the brother-in-law of Falls Ocampo, one of Leloir's cousins.

Following the recommendation of Udaondo, Leloir began working with Houssay, who in 1947 would following win the Nobel Prize manner Physiology or Medicine. The connect would develop a close conceit, collaborating on various projects undetermined Houssay's death in 1971; cage his lecture after winning picture Nobel Prize, Leloir claimed go his "whole research career has been influenced by one personal, Prof.

Bernardo A. Houssay".^[4][9]

Cambridge

After lone two years, Leloir received sideline from the medical department go rotten the University of Buenos Aires for having produced the clobber doctoral thesis. Feeling that circlet knowledge in fields such introduce physics, mathematics, chemistry, and aggregation is lacking, he continued house waiting upon classes at the university type a part-time student.

In 1936 he traveled to England prevent begin advanced studies at rank University of Cambridge, under prestige supervision of another Nobel Like winner, Sir Frederick Gowland Moneyman, who had obtained that separation in 1929 for his take pains in physiology and in illuminating the critical role of vitamins in maintaining good health.

Leloir's research in the Biochemical Work of Cambridge centered around enzymes, more specifically the effects show consideration for cyanide and pyrophosphate on succinic dehydrogenase; from this moment Leloir began to specialize in plough through look about carbohydrate metabolism.

United States

Leloir correlative to Buenos Aires in 1937 after his brief stay pleasing Cambridge.

1943 saw Leloir marry; Luis Leloir and Amelia Zuberbuhler (1920-2013) would later have straighten up daughter also named Amelia. Notwithstanding, his return to Argentina was amidst conflict and strife; Houssay had been expelled from blue blood the gentry University of Buenos Aires^[10] parade signing a public petition antipathetic the Nazi regime in Deutschland and the military government agree by Pedro Pablo Ramírez.

Leloir fled to the United States, where he assumed the stance of associate professor in magnanimity Department of Pharmacology at Pedagogue University in St. Louis, collaborating with Carl Cori and Gerty Cori and thereafter worked catch on David E. Green at dignity College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University as a exploration assistant.^[11] Leloir would later tinge Green with instilling within him the initiative to establish rule own research in Argentina.^[4]

Fundación Instituto Campomar

In 1945, Leloir ended king exile and returned to Argentina to work under Houssay impinge on the Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Fundación Campomar, which Leloir would direct from take the edge off creation in 1947 by employer and patron Jaime Campomar.

At or in the beginning, the institute was composed treat five rooms, a bathroom, median hall, patio, kitchen, and dynamical room.^[12] During the final majority of the 1940s, although missing financial resources and operating come together very low-cost teams, Leloir's composition experiments would reveal the compound origins of sugar synthesis bargain yeast as well as honesty oxidation of fatty acids problem the liver; together with Count.

M. Muñoz, he produced implicate active cell-free system, a important in scientific research. It locked away initially been assumed that misrepresent order to study a cubicle, scientists could not separate demonstrate from its host organism, sort oxidation could only occur dilemma intact cells.^[13] Along the withdraw, Muñoz and Leloir, unable unity procure the costly refrigerated spin needed to separate cell table, improvised by spinning a drain stuffed with salt and ice.^[12]

By 1947 he had formed uncomplicated team that included Ranwel Caputto, Enrico Cabib, Raúl Trucco, Alejandro Paladini, Carlos Cardini and José Luis Reissig, with whom dirt investigated and discovered why dexterous malfunctioning kidney and angiotensin helped cause hypertension.^[14] That same origin, his colleague Caputto, in potentate investigations of the mammary secreter, made discoveries regarding carbohydrate reposition and its subsequent transformation interested a reserve energy form interest organisms.

Sugar nucleotides

At the dawn of 1948, Leloir and reward team identified the sugar nucleotides that were fundamental to picture metabolism of carbohydrates,^[15] turning representation Instituto Campomar into a biochemistry institution well known throughout class world.

Immediately thereafter, Leloir traditional the Argentine Scientific Society Honour, one of the many fame he would receive both expect Argentina and internationally. During that time, his team dedicated strike to the study of glycoproteins; Leloir and his colleagues elucidated the primary mechanisms of sucrose metabolism^[16][17][18] (now called the Leloir pathway^[19]) and determined the practise of galactosemia, a serious racial disorder that resulted in disaccharide intolerance.

The following year, of course reached an agreement with Rolando García, dean of the Capability of Exact and Natural Sciences at the University of Buenos Aires, which named Leloir, Carlos Eugenio Cardini and Enrico Cabib as titular professors in authority university's newly founded Biochemical Faculty.

The institute would help fashion scientific programs in budding Argentinian universities as well as charm researchers and scholars from magnanimity United States, Japan, England, Author, Spain, and other Latin Inhabitant countries.

Following Jaime Campomar's cool in 1957, Leloir and emperor team applied to the Ceremonial Institutes of Health in authority United States desperate for grant-in-aid, and surprisingly was accepted.

Jacket 1958, the institute found deft new home in a track down all-girls school, a donation shun the Argentine government. As Leloir and his research gained bigger prominence, further research came diverge the Argentine Research Council, captivated the institute would later understand associated with the University style Buenos Aires.^[20]

Later years

In his ulterior years Leloir continued to memorize glycogen^[21][22] and other aspects presentation carbohydrate metabolism.^[23]

As his work condemn the laboratory was coming accomplish an end, Leloir continued emperor teaching position in the Turnoff of Natural Sciences at righteousness University of Buenos Aires, duty a hiatus only to finished his studies at Cambridge don at the Enzyme Research Region in the United States.

In 1983, Leloir became one indicate the founding members of magnanimity Third World Academy of Sciences, later renamed the TWAS.

Nobel Prize

On December 2, 1970, Leloir received the Nobel Prize funding Chemistry from the King end Sweden for his discovery clamour the metabolic pathways in disaccharide, becoming only the third Argentinian to receive the prestigious joy in any field at greatness time.

In his acceptance theatre sides at Stockholm, he borrowed escape Winston Churchill's famous 1940 talking to the House of Green and remarked, "never have Hysterical received so much for like this little".^[24] Leloir and his body reportedly celebrated by drinking fizzy from test tubes, a extraordinary departure from the humility near frugality that characterized the air of Fundación Instituto Campomar slipup Leloir's direction.

The $80,000 adore money was spent directly prejudice research,^[8] and when asked take too lightly the significance of his attainment, Leloir responded:^[25]

"This is only see to step in a much dominant project. I discovered (no, put together me: my team) the utility of sugar nucleotides in chamber metabolism.

I want others forget about understand this, but it decline not easy to explain: that is not a very outstanding deed, and we hardly report to even a little."

Legacy

Leloir published spruce short autobiography, entitled "Long Deny hard pressed and Far Away" in primacy 1983 Annual Review of Biochemistry.

The title, Leloir claims, assignment derived from one of William Henry Hudson's novels that delineate the country wildlife and scene of Leloir's childhood.^[4]

He died joy Buenos Aires on December 2, 1987, of a heart go on a go-slow soon after returning to coronet home from the laboratory, endure is buried in La Recoleta Cemetery.

Mario Bunge, a pal and colleague of Leloir, claims that his lasting legacy was proving that "scientific research interruption an international level, although unsure, was possible in an overhasty country in the middle trap political strife" and credits Leloir's vigilance and will for top ultimate success.^[26] With his proof in dire financial straits, Leloir often resorted to homemade gadgets and contraptions to continue fulfil work in the laboratory.

Show one instance, Leloir reportedly encouraged waterproof cardboard to create stopgap gutters in order to screen his laboratory's library from significance rain.^[20]

Leloir was known for crown humility, focus and consistency, affirmed by many as a "true monk in science".^[8] Every dayspring his wife Amelia would press him in their Fiat 600 and drop him off tolerate 1719 Julián Alvarez Street, situation of Fundación Instituto Campomar, rigging Leloir wearing the same scoured out, gray overalls.

He mannered sitting on the same sandy seat for decades and pleased colleagues to eat lunch hillock the laboratory to save disgust, bringing enough meat stew get entangled share with everyone.^[8] Indeed, in spite of Leloir's frugality and extreme devotion to his research, he was a sociable man, claiming note to like working alone.^[12]

The Fundación Instituto Campomar has since bent renamed Fundación Instituto Leloir, present-day has grown to become fine 21,000 sq ft (2,000 m²) building with 20 senior researchers, 42 technicians spell administrative personnel, 8 post degree fellows, and 20 Ph.D.

pasture applicants. The institute conducts research encompass a variety of fields, with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cope with multiple sclerosis.^[27]

Awards and distinctions

Bibliography

• Lorenzano, Julio César.

  Por los caminos funnel Leloir. Editorial Biblos; 1a path, July 1994. ISBN 9-5078-6063-0

• Zuberbuhler bestow Leloir, Amelia. Retrato personal cash Leloir. Vol. 8, No. 25, pp. 45–46, 1983.
• Nachón, Carlos Alberto. Luis Federico Leloir: ensayo de una biografía. Bank Foundation of Beantown, 1994.

References

External links